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oio11John Stanislaus Joyce (1849 - 1931)
http://www.geni.com/people/John-Stanislaus-Joyce/6000000016867042216
CHAPTER ONE
By JOHN WYSE JACKSON and PETER COSTELLO
St. Martin's Press
http://www.geni.com/people/John-Stanislaus-Joyce/6000000016867042216
CHAPTER ONE
John Stanislaus Joyce
The Voluminous Life and Genius of James Joyce's Father
The Voluminous Life and Genius of James Joyce's Father
By JOHN WYSE JACKSON and PETER COSTELLO
St. Martin's Press
Ancestral Joyces
In the last decades of James Joyce's life, visitors to his Paris flats at 2 Square Robiac, and later at 7 rue Edmond Valentin, found themselves sitting under the benign gaze of a series of family portraits in heavy gilded frames. The most recent of these, by the young Irish artist Patrick Tuohy, displayed the passionate intensity of the author's father, John Stanislaus Joyce, his ruddy face aglow with the fire of life.
Tuohy had been commissioned by James Joyce, not so much for his talent, which was considerable, but for the past associations that his family had with the Joyces. His grandfather had been one of the reporters for the Freeman's Journal of the famous 1891 meeting in Committee Room 15 in the Houses of Parliament that brought about Parnell's downfall, while his doctor father had attended at the death of James's brother George. Such associations, with their echoes of long-vanished phases of Irish life, were important to James.
An emotive photograph taken in 1938 by Gisele Freund shows the writer (exhausted by Work in Progress, his working title for Finnegans Wake) relaxing en famille with his son Giorgio and grandson Stephen beneath this very portrait of the infant's great-grandfather, which had by then been transferred to Giorgio's home in the rue Scheffer, in the fashionable Passy district of Paris. As the photographer herself recalled, this photograph was taken at James Joyce's own special request. A fin d'eterniser quatre generations de Joyce, l'ecrivain posa selon son propre desir avec Giorgio et Stephen sous le portrait de son pere, John Stanislaus Joyce, peint par l'artiste irlandais, Patrick Tuohy. Stephen Joyce remembers that his grandfather attached particular importance to this photograph, an importance consistent with his feelings about his family. The group portrait of the four generations was intended to serve as a family icon. Little Stephen had been born in February 1932, just after the demise of old John Stanislaus Joyce in December 1931, a fateful conjunction which James Joyce evoked in his tender poem `Ecce Puer'.
After his father's death, James Joyce admitted to close friends just what he owed him, not only as a man but as a writer: much of his own work had come directly from his father, and from his father's circle of Dublin friends. Just how true this was we shall see in due course, for in a real sense John Stanislaus Joyce is the ur-author of Ulysses and Finnegans Wake.
Named in his father's will as his only heir, James Joyce inherited from John Stanislaus Joyce, among other notable characteristics, a very intense pride in their family name. That Joyce pride is still very much alive today in the person of Stephen Joyce. Yet the name of his dead grand-uncle George, given also to his father Giorgio, was a direct invocation of the earliest ancestor known to these Joyces.
John Stanislaus Joyce was able to trace his family line back to his great-grandfather, a certain George Joyce, who flourished about the end of the eighteenth century. But as John Stanislaus was the only son of an only son of an only son, there seemed to be no immediate Joyce relatives by whom the family traditions in which he set such great store could be confirmed. There were plenty of relatives on his mother's and his wife's sides -- far too many, John Stanislaus thought -- but James Joyce's childhood was curiously free of Joyce connections. A disappointing but convenient situation for his father.
There were (we can now establish) some true Joyce relatives, albeit oddly detached cousins. Before George Joyce the great mist of Irish history had descended, leaving unclear just who these Joyces were and where they came from. What was this family, exactly, in which James Joyce and his father took so much pride, and whose coat of arms was carried with care from home to home across the breadth of Europe?
* * *
All Irish Joyces come ultimately from the Joyce Country in the west of Ireland. This lies between the villages of Cong and Leenane along the banks of the Joyce river, in the Maum Valley to the west of Lough Mask in the northern part of County Galway. The Joyce river flows south along the valley and, joining with another stream, enters Lough Corrib. On the shores of this lake is Cong Abbey, burial place of Roderick O'Connor, the last High King of Ireland, whose name echoes through the pages of Finnegans Wake.
Nearby is Ashford Castle, once the seat of the Guinness family, who took one of their titles from a small island in the lake called Ardilaun. The Guinnesses as landlords had usurped the ancient patrimony of the Joyces: but John Stanislaus would live to claim that the first Lord Ardilaun, then Sir Arthur Edward Guinness, had been defeated for Parliament as a result of his campaigning. (John Stanislaus imagined that the Guinnesses were in fact originally from the same part of the country as the Joyces; but this is not true: the first of them was, it seems, a Cromwellian settler from Cornwall.)
Cong marks the eastern end of the Joyce Country. To the north it reaches to Maamtrasna Mountain, above the village where the Maamtrasna murders took place in 1882. Away to the west the border of the Joyce Country lies along the Maumturk Mountains, beyond which are the Twelve Pins (alluded to in the Wake.)
The Joyces (`of ancient and honourable English descent', according to Hardiman's History of Galway) were a family of Norman-Welsh origin. They came to Connaught in the thirteenth century, intermarried with the native O'Flahertys and became (as the saying was) more Irish than the Irish themselves. The first known of the name was Thomas Joyce, who married Nora O'Brien, daughter of the king of Thomond, in what is now County Clare. His brother Walter was Archbishop of Armagh, resigning the seat to another brother, Roland, in 1311. Roland was confessor to Edward 11, England's most notorious homosexual king.
Later some Joyces settled in the town of Athenry and in Galway City -- they were numbered among the famous `Tribes of Galway', providing several mayors for the city. The coat of arms which both John and James made use of was based on the arms of these Joyces -- the Joyces of Corgary. Not only did James Joyce own a copy of the arms framed as a decoration, he had them stamped on the binding of a volume of manuscript poems which he had specially made for Nora Joyce, after a difficult passage in their `marriage'.
In the middle of the nineteenth century the nation-wide valuation records show that the vast majority of Joyces were still to be found either in Galway (some 427 households in eighteen locations), or in Mayo just to the north (214 households in nine locations). However, the third largest concentration of the family name was right down in the south of the country, in East County Cork, where there were eighty-three households in thirty-four locations. It was to these southern Joyces, so curiously separated from their ancestral home, that John Stanislaus belonged. Though the Tithe Applotment survey of the 1820s places the Joyces only in the northern part of East Cork, by the 1850s several families of them were found scattered further south, often around Youghal and especially in Cork City itself, where there were some fourteen households, in one of which John Stanislaus Joyce was already a bawling baby.
As there were Joyces recorded at only two locations in Clare, the county lying directly between Galway and Limerick, it is improbable that the clan had spread south through that county. By what roundabout route, then, had they got to Cork? It has been suggested that they were actually Joyes of Wexford, or had some connection with the English Joyces, perhaps even with the regicide George `Cornet' Joyce, executioner of Charles I, who disappeared from Rotterdam in 1670. But these speculations are unfounded. The true story is a curious one.
To find the missing link in the chain it is necessary to turn south to County Kerry. Some time about 1680, William FitzMaurice, nineteenth of the Lords of Kerry (other more successful Anglo-Norman settlers), required a new steward for the household at his family seat at Lixnaw on the Brick river, a few miles south-west of Listowel in the Barony of Clanmaurice in North Kerry. He found Sean Mor Seoighe (Big John Joyce).
With that Irish form of his name, Sean Mor Seoighe came from Connemara, most likely from in or near the Irish-speaking Joyce Country itself, in that wild area south of Westport, County Mayo. Based close by, over the mountains from Leenane, one of the great families of Galway, the O'Malleys, were at both Westport and Letterfrack, using Killary Harbour and Ballynakill Harbour for their maritime exploits along the `west coast of Ireland. One of the O'Malleys was also establishing himself at Kilmeelickin, just north of Maam in the very heart of the Joyce Country. The O'Malleys -- of whom the so-called pirate Queen, Grace O'Malley or Granuaile, was one -- were friendly with the Kerry FitzMaurices, then a Jacobite family and later opposed to William and Mary. It is possible to surmise that the link was instrumental in bringing about Sean Mor Seoighe's move to the south-west corner of the country, from Connaught to Munster. Indeed, he may have undertaken the journey on an O'Malley vessel, after a recommendation. (There is a tradition, current among the Joyces of Acres, outside Fermoy, that in fact it was two brothers Joyce who had come to Kerry from the Kylemore-Ballynakill district close to Letterfrack. Perhaps it was.)
Sean Mor, with or without his brother, had arrived in Lixnaw twenty years before the eighteenth century began. It was a new world. He was probably something more than what the documentation terms a `steward' There was real work to be done. It would have been strange to import into Kerry an overseer who knew nothing about local conditions or local families, unless he had some special skill. The family trade of the Joyces of Connaught was working with limestone, as lime-burners, stonemasons and builders; the family is still associated with the limestone and marble quarries of Connemara in the Maum Valley and around Kylemore. Both varieties of stone were found on the lands at Lixnaw (as well, unusually, as coal). Given how much building was to be done over the next years by the FitzMaurices, it is likely that Sean Mor followed the trade of Tim Finnegan in the ballad of `Finnegan's Wake' and was set in charge of the work. He would prosper in the position.
The thirteenth-century castle at Lixnaw had been demolished in about 1600, to be replaced by a Jacobean mansion called Lixnaw Old Court on the other side of the Brick river. As his new steward arrived, William FitzMaurice began to transform the house into a lavish modern residence and to tame the wilderness around it. Within a generation or two there would be built a mock ruin which could be seen from the house, a building devoted to cockfighting, a family mausoleum and all the appurtenances of a grand country seat. The river was diverted to form scenic curves and a bathing place in the garden, and trees were planted along walks around the estate. Water parties were held and guests entertained lavishly. Old Court was not old, but it became a court in little.
In all this work Sean Mor and later his son Risteard Caol (Richard the Thin) clearly made themselves indispensable to their masters, for they were given lands nearby to settle. Though the soil around Lixnaw was not rich, it could be much improved by dressing the fields with lime, and no doubt these enterprising and loyal Joyces made the best of what they had been given.
William FitzMaurice had died in March 1697 and was succeeded by Thomas FitzMaurice (who was created Viscount Clanmaurice and First Earl of Kerry on 17 January 1723). Thomas had been married in 1693 to Anne Petty, sister of the Earl of Shelburne and daughter of Sir William Petty of the Down Survey, which mapped the whole island of Ireland for the first time. Sir William held vast estates in south Kerry and, it was said, property in every county in Ireland. Miss Petty was described by Dean Swift, in a letter to Stella, as `egregiously ugly, but perfectly well bred'. Though the new Earl of Kerry was a terrible tyrant, he was well managed by his prudent and exceedingly wealthy wife, who (according to Lord Lansdowne) `furnished several houses, supported a style of living superior to any family whatever in Ireland, and with all this improved his fortune'.
His children did not love him, however. Nor did his servants, among whom were the Joyces. But Lixnaw was a special place to be, and the work continued, for Lady Anne further extended the house, adding two fine wings, an elegant library and a chapel with copies of much-admired Raphael cartoons at Hampton Court. Paintings by old masters such as van den Hagen hung in the house also. Tyrant or not, the First Earl of Kerry, who died in March 1742, would have been a good employer for the Joyces.
Sean Mor Joyce's son, Risteard Caol, in turn had a son, Bernard Rua. Bernard Rua Joyce married a Brid MacAuliffe of Newmarket, County Cork. In about 1750 some of the Lixnaw descendants of Sean Mor, including Bernard Rua and his family, moved out of Kerry to settle on better lands that the FitzMaurices had also given them at Athlacca, further to the east in County Limerick. (In the middle of the last century the surviving Kerry Joyces, a mere eight households, were nearly all in the Barony of Clanmaurice, the district around Lixnaw.) The reason for this shift may have been the death of William FitzMaurice, the Second Earl of Kerry, at Lixnaw on 4 April 1747, a mere five years after he succeeded. He was said by Lord Lansdowne in his autobiography to have been `gentleman-like and spirited, but weak and debauched, and married into a very weak family, the Earl of Cavan's'.
His heir, Francis Thomas FitzMaurice, was only six, and was made a ward of court and educated at the direction of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Lixnaw went into decline. On coming of age in 1761 Francis Thomas, who did not care much for the old house, abandoned it and afterwards sold his Kerry estates in 1783 to the Hare family of Cork (later the Lords Listowel). All he retained was the family mausoleum at Lixnaw, but that, too, has now vanished. The house had impressed the topographer Charles Smith in 1750, with its extent and its lavish style, its canals and garden vistas; but twenty-five years later Arthur Young visited the estate on his famous tour of Ireland in October 1776 and found that `All is desolation and everything in ruins' -- the walls and roof were being removed by thieves and the trees cut down.
Francis FitzMaurice was `a simple young Irish peer', according to Horace Walpole, `who had married an elderly Irishwoman that had been divorced on his account, and had wasted a vast estate in the idlest ostentation'. Having married Mrs Daly, a Catholic heiress from Galway more than twenty years older, he went to live in France. According to his heir, Lord Lansdowne, `after dissipating nearly all his property the 3rd Earl invested what was left, with equally bad judgement and fortune, in French assignats'. However, his surviving papers in the French National Archives reveal a careful and prudent man. He fled the French Revolution and died in England in 1818.
Of Lixnaw Old Court, that seat of culture and refinement which had been admired by so many, where the ancestors of John Stanislaus Joyce learnt the value of hard work and patronage, almost nothing now remains. Time has obliterated the work of Sean Mor Seoighe and his children, but the legacy of his days serving the rich and powerful would persist among the generations that followed. John Stanislaus Joyce was one day to congratulate his son James on `his receiving such an Honour from his Majesty' when he was awarded a small grant from the Royal Literary Fund: Sean Mor would have felt similarly proud.
These Joyces were clearly not mere tillers of the soil. Given the almost princely importance since medieval times of the Lords of Kerry, patrons of Gaelic poets, friends and relations of those in high places, and the high style in which they lived in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the trusted retainer and agent of the family was in a position that can only have bestowed on Sean Mor Seoighe's descendants a lingering sense of their unique importance in the great scheme of Irish life.
The Joyces established themselves at Athlacca, where they would have found that it was far easier to make a good living from the land than in either Kerry or Connemara. They were on the edge of the `Golden Vale'; the soil was rich and the grass lush and green. It was great horse country, and it is surely here that the family began in earnest a long and fruitful interest in the horse, an aristocratic animal that brought status and authority to its owner in eighteenth-century Ireland. Whether or not they actually bred horses at this time, the Joyces themselves rapidly proliferated. (By the 1850s there would be some nineteen Joyce households in nine locations scattered along the Cork border in the south-east of County Limerick.) Gearoid Mor, a son of Bernard Rua (who had led the migration from Kerry), settled with his wife, a Maryann Hogan, at Ballyorgan, to the south of Athlacca. Their eldest son was Robert Joyce, known as Roibeard an Gaelgoir, perhaps because he had a fund of traditional tales and poems (already becoming more precious as the use of Gaelic declined). Roibeard married an Ann Howard and from her family, the Howards of Howardstown, got in 1783 a parcel of marginal land at Glenosheen (the Glen of Oisin), a hamlet in the northern foothills of the Ballyhoura, Mountains, west of Ballyorgan.
Roibeard an Gaelgoir, recalled by his descendants as a magnificent old gentleman, died in 1828. One of his sons was Garret Joyce (born in 1796), an `occasionally employed' shoemaker, who married an Elizabeth O'Dwyer. The couple went in about 1826 to live at Lyre na Greinne, on the hillside above Ballyorgan and Glenosheen. Their children were Michael, John, Patrick Weston and Robert Dwyer Joyce. From this isolated and impoverished beginning these last two brothers would go on to achieve nationwide fame as writers.
Patrick Weston Joyce (1827-1914) became the celebrated author of Irish Names of Places, a book familiar to at least six generations of Irish readers, and of many other works on Irish history, folklore and music, including Old Celtic Romances. He was indubitably one of the great literary figures of nineteenth-century Ireland.
His younger brother, Robert Dwyer Joyce (1830-83), became a civil servant and then a doctor. Already known as a poet, he emigrated to Boston, where he practised medicine, at the same time achieving immense literary success with Ballads of Irish Chivalry (1872) and Deirdre (1876), which sold 10,000 copies in its first week of publication. He returned in 1883 to Dublin, where he died the same year. His patriotic songs were a staple of every nationally minded singer for three generations.
Dotted around the north side of the Ballyhouras there were other little groups of Joyce cousins. Patrick Weston in his Old Irish Folk Music and Songs described something of the life they shared, and remembered a typical outing:
My home in Glenosheen, in the heart of the Ballyhoura Mountains, was a home of music and song: they were in the air of the valley; you heard them everywhere -- sung, played, whistled; and they were mixed up with the people's pastimes, occupations and daily life. Though we had pipers, fiddlers, fifers, whistlers and singers of our own, wandering musicians were welcomed; and from every one some choice air or song that struck our fancy was sure to be learned and stored up to form part of an ever-growing stock of minstrelsy.
... The people of the village turned out on a sunny day in June to `foot' the half dry turf in the bog at the back of Seefin mountain which rises straight over Glenosheen; always a joyous occasion for us children. Dinner time came -- about 1 o'clock: each family spread the white cloth on a chosen spot on the dry clean bog surface.
There might have been half a dozen groups in that part of the bog, all near each other, and they all sat down to dinner at the same time: glorious smoking hot floury savoury potatoes, salt herrings (hot like the potatoes) and good wholesome blathach, i.e. skimmed thick milk slightly and pleasantly sour -- a dinner fit for a hungry king,
After dinner there was always a short interval for rest and diversion -- generally rough joyous romping. On this occasion Peggy Moynihan ... sat willingly on a turf bank ... and she gave us the `Clar Bog Deil' in Irish, with intense passion, while the people, old and young -- including myself and my little brother Robert -- listened, mute and spellbound.
The habit of song would never desert the Joyces.
The connections of these Joyces are still prominent in Irish life (largely in medicine): a strong line of distinction through several generations. Allusions to both brothers are scattered through James Joyce's own writings. Indeed the image of Parnell as a stag flashing his antlers on the mountainside may have been suggested to him by his boyhood reading of one of Robert Dwyer Joyce's ballads about the area, or by the old tale of the `uncatchable' stag of the Ballyhouras.
In about 1898 the eldest of the Glenosheen Joyces, Michael Joyce, established a family pedigree from which many of the above family details have been derived. His son was W. B. Joyce, educationalist and author, who also wrote about the history of Dublin. W. B. Joyce's son, Thomas Michael Joyce (1896-1958), was a dentist, who, after many years abroad in England and Wales, returned to Ireland in 1952 and practised in Pearse Street. On 16 June 1954, with Myles na Gopaleen (otherwise Brian O'Nolan and Flann O'Brien), John Ryan, Anthony Cronin, Patrick Kavanagh and Samuel Beckett's friend A. J. Leventhal of Trinity College, he went on the very first Bloomsday expedition, celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the day on which Ulysses is set.
Tom Joyce was there to represent `the family', being a cousin, however well removed, of James Joyce. Both John Ryan and Anthony Cronin recalled his fine tenor voice, a voice shared by both the Glenosheen Joyces and the Cork Joyces, and almost endemic in the extended Joyce family. During the jaunt, in a pub in Irishtown where they had paused hoping to hear a broadcast of the Ascot Gold Cup, Tom Joyce regaled the party with a beautiful rendering of one of James Joyce's favourite songs, `Silent, O Moyle'.
In view of the interest which his grandfather had taken in his own lineage, it is very unlikely that Tom Joyce's claim to a relationship with the author of Ulysses was false: these Joyces had no doubts about who they were, given their family obsession with history. Tom Joyce (then an ex-soldier studying at Trinity College's Dental School) will have been the young man who called upon James Joyce in the autumn of 1922 in Paris and left his card. Joyce thought from his name that he was a son of another Tom Joyce, a cousin of his father's who strangely resembled him, last seen drunk and unsteady at it Clontarf regatta in the late 1890s. But by then the author of Ulysses was not anxious to encourage the attentions of remote relatives who might make demands upon him.
James Starkey, otherwise the poet `Seumas O'Sullivan', an early friend of James Joyce, who lent him money, boots and a toothbrush when he left Ireland in 1904, was aware of the family resemblance between these branches of the Joyces. He later wrote of the striking colour of their eyes, `a sea-blue which is found so often in the western Joyces. I had as a boy on many occasions met the historian, Patrick Weston Joyce; and [Robert Dwyer Joyce] the author of The Boys of Wexford had also this family characteristic, as I was told by my father who knew him intimately [as a medical student] in the sixties. And in James Joyce, author of Ulysses, although he may have come from a different branch of the clan, I found it once again.' Aside from the sea-blue eyes, perhaps, too, a similar cast of face had made him aware of a family connection, for Tom Joyce resembled both John Stanislaus Joyce and Stanislaus Joyce, and they in turn resembled P. W. and R. D. Joyce.
If they were all part of the same extended family, how had our Joyces become separated? As Roibeard an Gaelgoir had got his land from his wife's people he cannot have been part of the main line of Athlacca Joyces with an interest in that family property. Our Joyces' remote ancestor, George Joyce of Fermoy, was recalled (by James Joyce for his first biographer Herbert Gorman) as `a man of property' (an ambiguous phrase in the circumstances of eighteenth-century Ireland). Given the dates involved, it appears that George Joyce was the son of a John Joyce, the brother or cousin of Roibeard an Gaelgoir. Certainly the relationship must have been a close one for it to have been recalled by Michael Joyce's side of the family, though the surviving documents in family hands do not detail it. (In the immediate family of the Ballyorgan Joyces what became of Michael's second brother John is unclear. John, though a family name among John Stanislaus Joyce's forebears, was not later used by the Joyces of Glenosheen, perhaps because it was in common use in another line of the family.)
Understandably, there was no room on the Limerick lands for all the members of the expanding Joyce clan. In time these landless Joyces began to cross the Ballyhoura Hills into north Cork, a mere matter of a few miles to the south, settling in the Blackwater Valley. There was soon a cluster of them around the new garrison town of Fermoy, which the entrepreneur John Anderson (who had bought the estate from Lord Fermoy in 1791) began to develop after 1797. The town was on the main route between Dublin and Cork, and busy with postal and military traffic. There are records of John Joyces and even a James there in early Victorian times, working as masons, lime-burners and publicans.
As the novelist Elizabeth Bowen observed, the Blackwater Valley was a very different world from Limerick or from Tipperary, over the mountains to the north. Her family seat, Bowen's Court, was just south of the Ballyhoura Hills. And in this different world, some of the Joyces would soon forget about their origins on the other side of the Ballyhouras.
These very valleys from which his ancestors came are alluded to by James Joyce in `Davin's story' in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. This suggests that he may well have had some inkling about their importance in his family's history. (The character of Davin was based on Joyce's Limerick friend, George Clancy, a keen supporter of Gaelic sports.) The setting of the incident, ten miles to the south of Killmallock on the road through the hills to Buttevant, places it almost exactly at Glenosheen. Could the peasant woman who tries to lure the sexual innocent to her bed (`Come in and stay the night here. You've no call to be frightened. There's no one in it but ourselves.') have been the unhappy wife of a Joyce -- whom Stephen Dedalus sees as `a type of her race and his own, a batlike soul waking to the consciousness of itself in darkness and secrecy and loneliness and, through the eyes and voice and gesture of a woman without guile, calling a stranger to her bed'?
* * *
Winding south from Ardpatrick and Glenosheen, the road passes over the Ballyhoura Mountains and down into a valley which opens out into the vale where the River Blackwater flows. On the road is Kildorrery, a little over a mile to the west of which lies Bowen's Court, where the Glenosheen Joyces often went for the fair, and beyond that is Doneraile, long the parish of novelist Canon Sheehan (in whom James Joyce was keenly interested). Here also was the home of Elizabeth St Leger, the daughter of the First Lord Doneraile, who overheard a Masonic ceremony in her father's house, and was enrolled as the first (but not the only) female Mason. The story, perhaps passed on by John, is alluded to in Ulysses. Near here, too, is Kilcolman Castle, once the property of the poet Spenser. But for most Irish people of the nineteenth century the town meant the Doneraile Conspiracy, the subject of Canon Sheehan's novel, Glenanaar.
Then the road goes south through Rockmills to Glanworth. Some of the Joyces settled here, others at Kilworth, others still at Acres. The road comes down from Glanworth to a place on the outskirts of Fermoy a little to the east of the grand house and estate of Castlehyde -- celebrated in poetry as `Sweet Castle Hyde', attributed to Robert Dwyer Joyce. Castlehyde had been sold by the Hydes in 1851 in the Encumbered Estates Court and had been bought by the brewer Arthur Guinness -- the family here again crossing the traces of the Joyces. From him it was bought in 1856 by John Sadlier, the notorious Irish politician who brought about the demise of the first Irish Independent Party of the 1850s,
In the middle ages the main road crossed the River Blackwater by a bridge just to the west of present-day Fermoy. Even today the old medieval road can be followed down a narrow defile between the lands of Castlehyde and Grange Farm to the riverbank where the ancient wooden bridge once was. And it is on this old road that Rose Cottage (now called Grange Cottage) stands, where the father of John Stanislaus Joyce was born in 1827.
Today the farm buildings consist not only of the original cottage, but also of stables, yards and even a forge. The lane is still called Joyce's Lane. Nearby, there are extensive quarries and an abandoned lime kiln. Limestone working and horses were the dominant features of the life at Rose Cottage: the Joyces when they arrived took every advantage of both the presence of a large British military encampment and the rapid development of Fermoy town itself, supplying mounts to the one and building supplies to the other' Rose Cottage was in the heart of hunting country, and J. R. O'Flanagan's 1844 book on the Blackwater river -- his family lived in Grange Farm House across the lane -- is full of tales of the local hunt and its dashing ways.
George Joyce, the earliest Joyce to be mentioned by James and the one who moved to Rose Cottage, was likely to have been born in south Limerick in or soon after 1776, and to have been named after George Washington. (Washington remained something of a hero in Cork: Great Georges Street, named for the Hanoverians, was renamed Washington Street in the 1920s.) He had a son, James Joyce, who married an Ann McCann `of Ulster'. Their son, James Augustine Joyce, was born here at Rose Cottage in 1827. He was the father in turn of John Stanislaus Joyce. Here at least is firmer ground, for his own father's birthday was the earliest date that John Stanislaus knew for certain in his family history.
James Joyce's statement to Gorman that his father came `from an old Cork family that once possessed extensive holdings' leaves it unclear whether he was referring to some medieval context, or to the situation at about 1800, approximately when George Joyce's son James was born. For Catholics of the period, outside of certain classes, the idea of extensive holdings is nonsense. Probably what the writer had in mind was not landed property, but the later city properties in Cork.
On a visit to Cork as a child in 1894 with John Stanislaus, the young James was to hear his great-grandfather, James Joyce the elder, from whom his own name came, extolled by one of the older generation of Corkonians as a `fierce old fire-eater'. In his youth he was said to have been a Whiteboy, one of those agrarian terrorists who ravaged Munster from 1760 onwards -- this must have been in the early 1820s. There was at this time a great deal of disturbance in Munster.
A special Act of Parliament was passed to deal with the Whiteboys in 1822. Much of the province was in a state of armed insurrection: in north Cork bands of Whiteboys came down from the hills to raid the towns for arms and food. The military were called out and many arrests were made. At a special assize in Cork City in mid-February 1823 some 300 Prisoners were dealt with, of whom thirty-six were sentenced to death. Mixed up with these agrarian troubles were the activities of Rockites, a group, strong in the vicinity, who were linked to the Whiteboys but had also been inspired by the writings of Pastorini into a millenarian belief that the end of the world was imminent and that all the Protestants would be destroyed. They gave history a helping hand by burning them out and killing them. The Anglican church at Athlacca was burnt, and much of Glenosheen was put to the torch at this time as well, as it contained a settlement of Palatine Protestants.
The family tradition was that James Joyce was to have been hanged; but the government in fact released most of the prisoners to assuage the widespread disaffection. His radicalism and fervent anticlericalism confirms the family's status as small tenant farmers. Catholic priests of the nineteenth century were nearly always the sons of gentry, strong farmers or merchants: their spiritual influence owed much to their social standing in the community. In a period when there were few professions for educated men, the priesthood offered opportunities to many younger sons of better families. The Joyces were not as yet in that class. It was from his resentful and embittered grandfather that John Stanislaus derived his own anticlericalism, which in turn was passed on to his sons James and Stanislaus.
The radical James (as the old Corkonian recalled also) was a keen rider to hounds. But as readers of Somerville & Ross will realise, to follow the local hunt was no real indication of superior social standing in rural Ireland; it demanded nothing more than the ability to keep a horse. Many farmers and others of the Joyces' class were as keen on the chase as any sprig of the big house. It was from him that the later Joyces inherited one of their most prized possessions, a hunting waistcoat decorated with the heads of dogs and stags. James Joyce the writer himself wore it on ceremonial family occasions such as his birthday.
James Augustine Joyce, that child born at Rose Cottage in 1827, who became the father of John Stanislaus, was the only son born to old James and Anne. This unusual fact (at a time when Irish families often ran to fifteen children) suggests that emotionally and sexually all may not have been well with the marriage. However, the Joyces prospered in Fermoy. The cottage's position and its extensive stabling suggests that the connection with horses was not only for the army but also for stage coaches, then the usual means of transport through Ireland. These were largely run by Charles Bianconi, a relation of the O'Connells, based in Clonmel.
At a later date Rose Cottage and further properties in Fermoy were held by various other Joyces. There were six brothers who worked on the new bridge over the river there, some of whom are said to have been among the immigrant builders of St Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Other Joyce properties and businesses are also recorded. There was a John Joyce running a public house in King's Square in Fermoy. And the family remains in the area to this day.
Before dealing with the further migrations of the Joyces from country to city, we might pause and take stock of just what this family history reveals. First, that the father of the author of Ulysses came of stock that can be traced back with some certainty step by step to Gaelic-speaking Connaught. Second, that though some members of the family, such as those settled in the hill country at Glenosheen, were happy to retain and cultivate their Gaelic culture (which they then put to literary use), others were keener to take hold of the commercial advantages offered by the development of Ireland and Cork in the early nineteenth century. One detects a set of opportunists, perhaps in the mould of Sean Mor Seoighe.
Literature and music seem to have characterised the Joyces for generations. But more importantly, we can now place John Stanislaus exactly in the course of Irish history, in that culturally significant shift from the medieval Gaelic-speaking life of Sean Mor Seoighe in 1680 to the anglophone entrepreneurism fostered by the growth of commerce in Cork.
Within a couple of generations they had lost touch with their Gaelic roots and all memory of that past had seemingly evaporated. The vital love of language and music would take a different form, blossoming later in the vigour of John Stanislaus's witty speech, the precision of James Joyce's writings and the love both had for song, which reached down even to James's son Giorgio.
John Stanislaus and his son were happy to allude airily to remote Connaught ancestors with coat-armour, but not to the hill farmers and small tradesmen who were their immediate relatives. They wished to be gentlemen, not peasants.
Soon after the birth in 1827 of James Augustine Joyce at Rose Cottage, his father and grandfather left Fermoy and moved to Cork City. A deed of 16 July 1830 records the purchase by George Joyce of a property at White Street from Richard Gould, a salt and lime maker (listed in Slater's Royal Directory for 1846, still in the same area). The property consisted of a yard and a plot of land, then occupied by the stables of a Charles Connell (or O'Connell) and part of a bowling green running along forty-three feet of the street. This site was later to become 14 and 15 White Street and the seven adjoining houses down an alley would be called Joyce's Court. White Street connects George's Quay along the River Lee with Douglas Street and the actual site lies directly behind the Catholic church of St Finbarre South on Dunbar Street. White Street was named after the architect Henry White for whom James Joyce the elder acted as executor after his death in 1842. This deed of purchase is the last we hear of George Joyce; having settled his family in the great city, he vanishes from history.
The Joyces were well enough established by now to have their portraits painted. The famous gallery in James Joyce's Paris apartment began with a portrait of James Joyce the elder painted (according to expert opinion) in the 1840s, and one of Anne McCann Joyce. The significance of the pictures is that they embody the new bourgeois life of the Joyces. There is nothing backward-looking about these portraits, though in style they are stiff and provincial. They represent a self-made generation, anxious to demonstrate in paint and gilt their own prosperity.
And still their prosperity grew. There was much commercial activity. James Joyce and a business partner, Jeremiah Joseph O'Connor, leased in 1835 a salt and lime works at Carrigeeny; they were to sell it in 1842 for 500 [pounds sterling]. The Cork Post Office Directory for 1842-3 lists James Joyce Horse Trainer, 12 Winthrop Street' and James Joyce Salt Lime Manufacturer, 16 White Street and South Terrace' -- again the connection with horses and lime goes back to Rose Cottage and beyond. (Winthrop Street lay just off Cork's main thoroughfare, St Patrick's Street, while South Terrace was a new and respectable development on the edge of the city.)
By now it seems certain that old George Joyce was dead; his son James, as head of the family, continued to consolidate the Joyce assets, his name appearing frequently in the records at this time. The County and City of Cork Almanack for 1843 still lists the salt and lime works, but shows that the stables had been moved to 7 Caroline Street. This address soon disappears, however, and later directories mention only the premises at White Street and another acquisition at Anglesea Street.
This property, where James Joyce already had stables, was leased (on 7 January 1846) from Sir Thomas Deane for a period of 200 years. To the west were stables belonging to a Mr Pennefather. The directory for this year names James Joyce as both a Horse Dealer at 36 George's Street and a Lime Burner at South Terrace. This was the situation when in 1847 his only son, James Augustine Joyce, married Ellen O'Connell, the daughter of John O'Connell, whose family was connected with the great Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator. (It may be that the bride and groom were already in some way related: both of their mothers were McCanns from the north of Ireland.) It was believed later (by Stanislaus Joyce, the writer's brother) that the marriage had been arranged by the priest, `to steady the young man'.
This period of Irish history was dominated by the figure of Daniel O'Connell, much as the latter part of the century would be by Parnell. In 1828 he had been elected M P for Clare, but was unable to take his seat until the next year, when the Catholic Emancipation Act was passed. The O'Connells were an old and extensive family; the name is a common one throughout Kerry and Cork. From the wealthy landed gentry of Derrynane, Daniel O'Connell's Kerry home, who could trace their pedigree back to the fourteenth century, sprang the O'Connells of Tarmons, also in Kerry. When the land at Tarmons was sold in 1785, these O'Connells moved into Cork where they became successful merchants, primarily in the drapery business. They fell into trade, just as the Joyces were hoping to rise out of it. Yet this was a relationship which Daniel O'Connell himself had been pleased to recognise. On his annual visits to Cork for the Assizes before his election to Parliament he always made a point of calling on his cousins in Fishamble Street near the Old Court House. There (in a vignette recalled by John Stanislaus's mother), the great man would walk arm in arm with her grandfather, Charles O'Connell, up and down the street between the Franciscan chapel and South Main Street, both men wearing the knee-breeches fashionable in those days.
Almost the last act of Daniel O'Connell's legal career was to defend at the Cork Assizes the Doneraile Conspirators, twenty-one men from the town who were charged with conspiracy to murder various Cork worthies. O'Connell saved many of them from the gallows by managing to have the all-Protestant jury replaced with a more balanced one. His arrival at short notice at the Court House was to form a key scene in Canon Sheehan's novel, Glenanaar. Few who could claim an immediate link with the Liberator were shy of proclaiming the fact: he was the most famous man in Ireland and the Joyces were proud to have married into his clan.
Ellen O'Connell, born in 1816, was a full decade older than her husband and was to have been a nun. She and her sister Alicia, educated by the Cork Ursulines, had entered South Presentation Convent, Cork, in October 1836, but Ellen left after four months. Alicia went on to take the habit on 13 April 1837 and two years later made her profession there before Bishop Murray of Cork and Fr Theobald Mathew, the Chaplain Superior of the convent. The reasons for Ellen's defection are preserved in the records there:
It was a matter of her own choosing. She became nervously and unnecessarily anxious about her health, which was not, in reality bad. She had just finished the fourth month of her Postulantship. She was a nice, amiable and good girl -- too good, to encounter the rough seas of this world; where she can scarcely escape the meeting of many a rock and many a breaker -- but, little as her religious training has been, may she have learnt in her short Noviciate, to look up only to the one eye, that steadily and securely guides, each bark of this uncertain life.
It must remain a moot question whether the delicate, hysterical personality suggested by this record was ever really suited to married life. Her portrait certainly reveals an anxious and over-sensitive face, and her later years would be blighted by jealousy and bitterness.
Ellen O'Connell was (as Stanislaus Joyce later recalled) one of nineteen children. Her family believed in education. A brother, Charles, would be sent to Queen's College, Cork, where he was remembered by his contemporaries as a skilled botanist, and later became a priest. Ellen's schooling with the Ursuline nuns was the epitome of respectable education in those days, and her leatherbound French prayer books were still in the family attic in the 1880s, `the symbol of culture in Cork when she was a girl.' Though James A. Joyce began as a fervent Catholic, he too became anticlerical, and in time would pass on this attitude to his son. Yet these clerical influences were always an important part of life in contemporary Cork.
James Augustine Joyce and Ellen O'Connell were married in the church of SS Peter and Paul, Paul Street, Cork, on 29 January 1847. As was then common, their marriage was followed by a post-nuptial settlement, signed on 28 February 1848; this was an agreement that was to have far-reaching consequences. Earlier that month James Joyce senior had acquired from William Pennefather (then of Island House) the property in Anglesea Street. Further property was bought on 24 February. By the terms of the settlement John O'Connell assigned 1000 [pounds sterling] to James Augustine Joyce as a marriage portion; and the bride's grandfather, out of the great love he bore him (according to the deed), gave him a half share in lands at Skahard (now a public park) and on Goat Island in the Douglas river. For his part James A. Joyce or his father put into trust the properties around White and Anglesea Streets. The trustees were a Michael Murphy and the bride's brother, William O'Connell, then a draper in Castle Street. The contributions of the Joyce and O'Connell families were about equal, though the O'Connell name carried more social prestige, and they had real wealth.
The family portrait gallery shows John Stanislaus's parents as they were close to the time of their marriage. The portrait of Ellen is likely to have been done about now; that of James Augustine as a young man perhaps a little earlier. The pictures make evident her maturity in comparison to his almost juvenile appearance. Some time in the early 1860s the mature James Augustine would have his portrait painted again, by a fashionable artist in Cork, to match more conventionally that of his wife. These three paintings would retain a special significance for their son, John Stanislaus, as they represented those who had really loved him. James Augustine was a man of `angelic temper', but he was also a little shiftless. Ellen Joyce was a woman with a sharp tongue. Once as newly-weds they were out for a country walk when it came on to rain. They took refuge in a roadside cottage, but when the rain showed no sign of clearing, Ellen sent her husband to the nearest village for a car to take them back into Cork City. The woman of the house said mildly, looking after the disappearing figure: `Sure that's a fine young man, God bless him. I suppose now, ma'am, you're his mother.' `No, faith,' said the newly married wife, with bitter wit, `I'm his grandmother.'
On 4 July 1849 Ellen Joyce was delivered of a son and James Augustine collected ten guineas from a friend whom he had bet that he would be the first to become a father. The boy was baptised two days later (sponsored by his relatives William and Ellen O'Connell) and was christened John Stanislaus Joyce. He was to be their only son, remarkably the third only son in succession. Here again a Joyce marriage appears to have foundered on the rocks of sexual' feeling, or the lack of it. In his own life John Stanislaus would prove to have the fecundity for which the O'Connells rather than the Joyces were famous -- and Daniel O'Connell infamous. In his own day it was said (untruly, modern historians believe) that one could not throw a stick over a workhouse wall in Cork or Kerry without striking a bastard offspring of the Liberator. Yet in later life John Stanislaus would treat his own eldest surviving child James as if he too were another only son. It was a privileged position, being the sole heir to a dynasty of Joyces, as John Stanislaus Joyce would soon learn.
(C) 1997 John Wyse Jackson and Peter Costello All rights reserved. ISBN: 0-312-18599-5
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Date: 2013-09-15 07:53 am (UTC)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/James_Joyce_birth_and_baptismal_certificate.jpg
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Date: 2013-09-15 07:56 am (UTC)Hanora Joseph Barnacle (1884 - 1951)![]( "ffentliches Profil")
http://www.geni.com/people/Nora-Barnacle/6000000016867116574
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Date: 2013-09-15 07:58 am (UTC)(1745-)
(1750-)
(1771-1836)
(1779-)
Mary Jane Murray
(1810-1898)
Spouses/Children:
John Norval Jnr
Mary Jane Murray 2 3 4
Mary married John Norval Jnr, son of John Norval Snr and Janet Foyar, on 4 Dec 1831 in Graaff Reinet, South Africa.1 2 3 (John Norval Jnr was born on 22 May 1795 in Glasgow, Scotland,1 3 died on 17 Oct 1875 in Roodepoort, Orange Free State, South Africa 1 3 and was buried in Church Street Cemetery, Colesburg, Northern Cape, South Africa.)
Sources
1 Cornelis Pama Dr., Die Groot Afrikaanse Familienaamboek, ISBN 0 7981 1561 0 (Cape Town, South Africa: Human & Rousseau, 1983), 237.
2 Cornelis Pama (Dr.), British Families in South Africa - Their Surnames & Origins, ISBN 0-7981-2957-3 (Johannesburg, Transvaal: Human & Rousseau, 1992), Pg. 114.
3 Dr. D.F. Du Toit Malherbe (Emeritus-Professor, University of Pretoria), Stamregister van die Suid-Afrikaanse Volk - Family Register of the South African Nation, third (enlarged) ed. (Stellenbosch, Cape Province: Tegniek Bpk., Sep 1966), Pg. 732.
4 Cornelis Pama Dr., Die Groot Afrikaanse Familienaamboek, ISBN 0 7981 1561 0 (Cape Town, South Africa: Human & Rousseau, 1983), Pg. 237.
http://www.kriste.co.uk/2509.html
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:01 am (UTC)Комментарии:
Little known fact: Joyce was refused entry to Switzerland in 1940 because the local officials believed he was a Jew! Малоизвестный факт: Джойс было отказано во въезде в Швейцарию в 1940 году, потому что местные чиновники полагали, что он был евреем!
http://tinyurl.com/85ta5hn http://tinyurl.com/85ta5hn
http://jeremyrosen.blogspot.com/2012/07/james-joyce-and-jews.html
James Joyce, Ulysses, and the Construction of Jewish Identity: Culture, Biography, and 'the Jew' in Modernist... by Neil R. Davison and Anthony Julius (Nov 13, 1998)
http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=0521636205
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:06 am (UTC)Homepage > Digital resources > Online exhibitions > “James Joyce and ‘Ulysses’” (2004) > Commentary No. 9 – will of John Stanislaus Joyce (1915)
http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/james-joyce-and-ulysses/commentary-no-9-will-of-john-stanislaus-joyce-1915/
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:19 am (UTC)Commentary No. 4 – census return for Nora Barnacle (1901
http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/james-joyce-and-ulysses/commentary-no-4-census-return-for-nora-barnacle-1901/
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:33 am (UTC)Joyce forebears
Joyces putatively descended from Norman Josses who settled in N. Wales; THOMAS DE JORCE arrived in Ireland in 13th c. and m. Nora, dg. of the O’Brien [prince] of Thomond, 1283; became estab. as one of 14 tribes of Galway; JSJ owned an engraving of the Joyce coat of arms, properly those of the Joyces of Corgary in Connacht, pernobilis et pervetusta familia [‘most famous and ancient family’] in the formula of an 18th c. Ulster King-at-Arms; eponymous ancester GEORGE JOYCE, presum. a tenant farmer, purchased property at 16 White St., Cork, from Charles O’Connell, July 1830; his son JAMES JOYCE (?1800-?1855), called ‘the handsomest man in Cork’ [AP], was anti-clerical and nationalist, being condemned to death for involvement in Whiteboy agitation in 1823, but reprieved; estab. a lime business at Fermoy; m. Ann McCann, with whom a son and only child, JAMES AUGUSTINE JOYCE (1827-Oct. 1866; b. Rose Cottage, Fermoy, d. Cork); James Joyce Snr. purchased land with Jeremiah O’Connor at Carraigeeny, nr. Cork, 1835, re-selling it in 1842 (£500); estab. a contracting [building] business; acquired slum housing off White St. [named Joyce’s Court]; purchased the rere plot of South Terrace from Sir Thos. Deane, 7 Jan. 1846; f. and s. declared bankrupt in 1852; acquired prop. at Anglesea St., Cork from Wm. Pennefather, also land at Skahard and Goat Island (Douglas River); James Joyce Jnr. became a horse trainer, estab. at Winthrop St., and lost money through betting; m. Ellen O’Connell (1816-1881; b. & d. Cork), 29 Feb. 1847 at SS Peter and Paul, in Paul St., Cork, with post-nuptial settlement of £1,000, 28 Feb. 1848, answered by a trust in White and Anglesea props. by James Joyce, Snr.; settled at 6 Angelesea St.; owned brickfields nr. Cork in 1850s; kept up family at Sunday’s Well in spite of second bankruptcy; appt. Inspector of Hackney Coaches; fell ill, Sept. 1866, and d. from inflammation of the lungs, 28 Oct. 1866; a son JOHN STANISLAUS JOYCE (1849-1931; f. of JAMES AUGUSTINE JOYCE, 1882-1941).
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Joyce’s father
JOHN STANISLAUS JOYCE (1849-1931): b. 4 July 1849, and intended as James but misnamed in the baptismal register; ed. St Colman’s, Fermoy, March 1859-Feb. 1860, under direction of Dr. Thomas Croke, later Archb. of Cashel and a fndr. of GAA; tuition unpaid; poss. moved to Christian Brothers; sent out on pilot ships for reasons of health; briefly ed. at school of Daniel O’Sullivan; JSJ matriculated in Arts, 1865; sends JSJ to hear Mario singing in [prob. in Dublin Theatre Royal, Oct. 5-6th 1866]; suffered the death of his father, 28 Oct. 1866; enters Queen’s College, Cork, 1867; passed first year medicine and won certificates, by his own account; treated himself with carbolic acid for a suspected chancre on penis c.1867 [i.e., syphilis]; joined Dram. Soc. and participated in charity show at Royal Theatre, Cork, March 1869; played the lead in The Mummy (16 April 1869); became leading actor and sportsman; failed 2nd Yr., June 1869; repeated in 1869-70 and failed again; income of £315 p.a.; received £1,000 from estate of John O’Connell on coming of age, 4 July 1870; attempted to join French side in Franco-Prussian war, with three others, Aug. 1870; followed to London by his mother and brought back home; was involved with Fenians in Cork, befriending Joseph Theobald Casey [Kevin Egan in Ulysses] and Richard Burke, both recently released from Clerkenwell; separated from their company by his mother, who moved with him to Dublin, 1874/75, settling at Monkstown; JSJ engaged in yachting in Dalkey; named ‘the successor to Campinini’; sang at Antient Concert Hall in hearing of Barton McGuckin; sunk £500 in Dublin and Chapelizod Distillery, in enterprise incl. as investors Peter Paul McSwiney, John Daly, Henry Joseph Alleyn, et. al.; involved in management, with refreshment at Chapelizod House [hotel; man. Robert Broadbent]; JSJ holds meeting to contest Alleyn’s gratuitous share of £20,000 in the company capital of £80,000, 31 July 1876; credit failed, 1 Aug. 1877; company wound up by Master of the Rolls, with criticisms of the memos of the earlier meeting, Jan. 1878; JSJ set up as accountant [concerned with bad debts] at 13 Westland Row, 1879; served as sec. of United Liberal Club, Dublin (54 Dawson St.; formerly the Liberal Registration Assoc., supported by Peter Paul McSwiney and Fr. Edward O’Connell, et. al.) in 1880 Gen. Election; managed successful election of Robert Dyer Lyons and Maurice Brooks (Lib.) in place of Sir Arthur Guinness and James Stirling (Cons.), 5 April 1880; awarded £100 by successful candidates at celebrations in the Oval Bar; entered marital engagements with Hannah Sullivan and Annie Lee, each ending in jealousy; received post of Collector of Rates for Inns Quay and Rotunda Wards (later for N. Dock ward), paid c.£430 p.a. on ‘poundage rate’; Dublin, from Liberal Govt. in recompense with £500 p.a; met May Mary Jane Murray (“May”; b. 15 May 1859; d. 13 Aug. 1903), pianist; dg. John Murray, agent for wines and spirits, orig. from Co. Longford, and Margaret Theresa (née Flynn; 1832-1881), then living at 7 Clanbrassil St.; JSJ moved to 15 Clanbrassil St. to be in proximity to May; m. May Murray, 5 May 1880, at Rathmines Church, contrary to wishes of both their parents (‘O weeping God, the things I married into’: Simon Dedalus in Ulysses); JSJ unforgiven by his mother Ellen; May was a fellow pupil with Katharine Tynan at Misses Flynn School, 15 Usher’s Island, teachers of dancing, politeness and piano; her br. William Augustus Murray (1857-1912; Richie Goulding in Ulysses) m. Josephine [née Giltrap] Murray (1863-1924), with children inc. Mabel Florence (1896-1986), m. Arthur C. Walls (1897-1987), with whom Arthur Walls & 6 others; another br. John Murray (employed in Freeman’s Journal, hence “Red” Murray in Ulysses); JSJ and May settled at 47 Northumberland Ave., Kingstown, on return from honeymoon in London; a first child (John Augustine Joyce) born and died, 1881; mortgaged Cork properties, 2 Dec. 1881 [to Edward Byrne; deed of release, Sept. 1884]; JAJ, 2nd child, b. 2 Feb. 1882, at home, 41 Brighton Sq. W., Rathgar; registered as James Augusta [sic] Joyce; took out mortage in 1882 and again on 13 Dec. 1883 [to Joseph Carroll]; a sixth mortgage, 21 April 1887, paid off three previous mortgages and a loan from the National Bank; family moved to 23 Castlewood Ave., 1884; May sang in concert at Mount Argus with Misses Dillon and Misses Bloom, dgs. of the dentist Max James Bloom; JSJ take out further loan from National Bank and another from Walter Morragh, April-May 1887; moved to 1 Martello Tce., Bray, May, 1887
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:33 am (UTC)Note: A mortgage dated 21 April 1887 gives JSJ’s address as Castlewood Avenue, while another of 6 May 1887 gives the new address of 1 Martello Tce., Bray. (Ellmann, James Joyce, 1957, p.760 [notes].
; JSJ defends his collector’s pouch from thieves in Phoenix Park, 1887; moved to North Dock Ward rates area, 1888; placed on probation at work; threatened with dismissal for bad behaviour, but retained, 1888-90; JSJ travelled to Cork to canvas his tenants’ votes for Parnellites in General Election and incurs reproof from Rates Office, July 1891; lost action against James Reuben Dodd for £22.15.0 in Queen’s Bench Division, 22 June 1892; lost other actions against him taken by Richard Dawson, corn and potato merchant, Bolton St. (£30 and costs) and Francis H. Caulfield, moneylender of Fownes St. (£13 and costs), in 1893; appeared in Stubb’s Weekly Gazette and Perry’s Gazette, 2 Nov. 1892, arising from loan of £130 secured furniture [bill of sale] with John Lawler (110 Middle Abbey St.); suspended by Collector-General, 3 Nov. 1892; family moves from Blackrock when Lawler collects on bill of sale. [Nov.] 1892; removal to Fitzgibbon st., prob. with furniture to prevent destraint; wrote to Chief Sec. Morley to seek commutation of pension into capital for purposes of paying Reuben and refused; Cork property sold by auction, 14 Dec. 1893, realising c.£2,000 [£475 & £1,400, from emptors Mullins & Murphy and another sum from McMullen]; Dodd releases JSJ from mortgage on full repayment (14 Feb. 1893) [...]; JSJ commutes half his pension to buy house at 7 St Peter’s Tce. [now 5 St Peter’s Rd., Cabra], 24 Oct. 1902; repayments made by means of insurance and a loan with Eagle Star (£650 and £550), with repayments to these at a rate of £12.6.3 p.m. made directly from pension; takes out further mortgages amounting to £100 from Sheridan, Oct. 1902, with a further mortgage £50, 18 Dec. [& another, £50]; mortgage for £65 on 3 Nov. 1903; forced to sell up at St. Peter’s Tce., 1905; writes reproachful letter from Millmount Tce., Drumcondra to JAJ, 24 April 1907, announcing imminent eviction and necessity of moving into solo lodgings; [Letters, Vol. II (1966), p.221-23]; living at Whitworth Place, May 1906 [vide letter to James Joyce, dated 16 May 1909 in Letters, Vol. II, p.228ff., thus addressed but containing circumstantial evidence associated it with the earlier period]; living at 44 Fontenoy St., nr. Dorset St., in 1909 (when JAJ and Giorgio come to stay); suffered the death of Mabel [‘Baby’], 1911; latterly settled with the Medcalf’s on Claude Rd., c.1920; subject of portrait by Patrick Tuohy, commissioned by his son, May 1924; d. 29 Dec., 1931, at Drumcondra Hospital, following a short illness at the Medcalf’s [ ‘I’ve got more out of life than any white man’]; cause of death give as ‘senile decay and Endocarditis’; his son JSJ sole legatee, received estate of £665.0s.9d. based on Eagle Star insurance which rendered, after debts paid, £36.12s [var. £32];
JSJ was obituarised in Irish Press and Chicago Premier, the latter calling him a master of the vernacluar and a fine storyteller: ‘His versatility enabled him to adapt his style to all surroundings, whether that of a drawing room or a saloon. He was full of reminiscences of Irish life in the last half century, and his stories were usually embellished with rare artistry.’ (See excerpt from Gordon Bowker, Joyce: A Biography, Weidenfeld & Nicholson 2011, in The Irish Times, 21 May 2011.)
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:34 am (UTC)Note: In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), Stephen Dedalus describes his father Simon - for whom John Stanislaus Joyce was the model - as having been ‘[a] medical student, an oarsman, a tenor, an amateur actor, a shouting politician, a small landlord, a small investor, a drinker, a good fellow, a storyteller, somebody’s secretary, something in a distillery, a taxgatherer, a bankrupt and at present a praiser of his own past.’ (Corrected Edn., p.244; Chap. 5.) See also Joyce's letter to Harriet Shaw Weaver of 17 Jan. 1932 following the death of JSJ [infra].
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O’Connells (JAJ’s paternal-maternal line)
JAMES AUGUSTINE JOYCE m. ELLEN O’CONNELL (1816-1881; b. & d. Cork), dg. of JOHN O’CONNELL, of the Tarmon branch (desc. from Daniel’s br. Maurice), and hence a ‘cousin’ of the Liberator, owning a large drapery at Gt. George’s St [now Washington St.]; ed. Ursuline Convent; Ellen, with her sister Alicia (siste Xavier; d.1872), had become a novitiate at S. Presentation Conv., leaving after four months (Oct. 1836-Jan. 1837) though her sister remained to become Mother Superior before her death; JOHN STANISLAUS JOYCE cousin to John Daly (Mayor of Cork in 1871 & 1872), through common gf. Charles O’Connell, and with Peter Paul McSwiney, co-prop. of Clerys with George Delaney and Mayor of Dublin associated with the Home Rule Party in 1864 and 1875, a nephew of John O’Connell; a br. Charles, ord. 1854 and suspended purportedly for refusing to accept income from parish dues while curate at Iniskeen, c.1863; John O’Connell elected Alderman for St Patrick’s Ward, 1850; secured Inspectorship of Hackney Coaches for his son-in-law; also William O’Connell, son of John, and prop. of Gt. George’s St. business from 1854; later bankrupt; managed prop. in trust for Ellen (Mrs Joyce); removed to London; a dg., May O’Connell (2 Feb. 1883; Sister Ita), entered Presentation Convent, Crosshaven.
Murrays (JAJ’s maternal-paternal line)
WILLIAM MURRAY (?1800), of Leitrim family around Mohill, became farmer at Tulcon, nr. Lough Rinn, m. BRIDGET BYRNE, settled in Co. Longford; corn and whiskey merchant; their children JOHN MURRAY (1829-94; g.f. of JAMES JOYCE), PATRICK MURRAY (b.1830-1912; ed. by Rev. Patrick Murray, his uncle, 1800-1854; b. Tulcon; ord. June 1827, PP of Mullahoran, Co. Cavan, where he ran a school), ord. 1857, became PP at Carraig Finea, nr. Granard; fnd. Finnea branch of United Land League, 1879; HUGH MURRAY (1820- ), farmer in Gortletteragh, evicted from Tulcon by Lord Leitrim. JOHN MURRAY m. MARGARET THERESA MURRAY (b.?1832-Feb. 1881), prop. of The Eagle House, Terenure Rd., with whom children JOHN (1856-1910), WILLIAM MURRAY (1857-1912; d. of syphilis), and MARY JANE [May] MURRAY (May 1859-1903; mother of JAMES JOYCE); pub held in wife’s name in 1860, poss. by reason of bankruptcy; John Murray Jr., then lodging at 39 Lwr Abbey St. [aetat 35], m. ELIZABETH HARRIS (aetat. 16), 1891, [“Lillie” and poss. model for Polly in “The Boarding House”], after pre-marital conception of a dg. Lilla, followed by children Elizabeth Mary, Isabella Margaret, Valentine John Gerard, and Walter (1895-97; died in accident with tub of hot water); settled at 39 Drumcondra Rd.; WILLIAM MURRAY, m. JOSEPHINE (née Giltrap), ed. convent in Derby, and dg. of JAMES J. GILTRAP, law-agent and William's employer, owner of “Garryowen”, first Irish red setter (b.1871; vide “Cyclops”); settled at 77 Haddington Rd., with abused son HUBERT [“Bertie”; models for “Counterparts”], with whom six surviving children, at addresses in Holles St. and Ontario Tce.; acted as agent for Chapelizod Distillery, and settled at Clanbrassil St., where JOHN STANISLAUS JOYCE met MAY MURRAY; on death of Margaret Theresa, John Murray, then residing at Church House, Chapelizod, living as a traveller for Power’s Whiskey and later for a T. G. Begge’s tea and wine merchants (Bachelor’s Walk), remar. Christina Margaret O’Neill (née O'Donohoe; neice of his first wife), dg. of William O’Donohoe [‘the old fornicator’ acc. JSJ; later committed suicide], hotel owner and one of the [former] Miss Flynns (?Mary; d.1891).
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:34 am (UTC)Flynns (JAJ’s maternal-maternal line)
PATRICK FLYNN (?1790-?1865; master of spirit store and later starch & blueing factory, 53 Back Lane, formerly Rochelle St.; his sons PATRICK FLYNN (d.1874) and James removed factory to Thomas St. and later Francis St.; located at 16 Ellis Quay in 1830; Patrick Flynn m. ELLEN, with a son PATRICK FLYNN (1833-189[6]), still working at 79 Thomas St.; subject of the story of the horse that obsessively drives round the statue of William III; sisters, ELIZABETH and ANNE (b.1845), ran schools for piano and singing, modelling for the Miss Morkans of “The Dead”; Elizabeth poss. sometime governess at court of Louis Napoleon; Ellen Mary, m. Matthew Callanan, sec. of Irish Farmers’ Club, Sackville St., with whom dg. Mary Ellen (b.?1871); MARGARET THERESA FLYNN (b. ?1832), m. JOHN MURRAY of Longford; also Julia Clare (1829-1905), m. Martin Lyons (d. 113 Lwr. Gardiner St., 2 Feb. 1871), paper & hide merchant and legal stationer at 6 Ormond Quay with factory at 16 Usher’s Court; their children FREDERICK M. LYONS and JAMES JOSEPH LYONS owned stationer at 56 Grafton St.); on early deaths of their husbands sisters of PATRICK FLYNN moved to 15 Usher’s Island, property of Roe’s distillery, and held by caretaker Tallon with dg. Elizabeth (b.?1880; Lily of “The Dead”); also Maria O’Donohoe [Maria of “Clay”], dg. of [?]MARY FLYNN & WILLIAM O’DONOHOE [n.dd.].
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Nora Barnacle Joyce (b. 21/22 March 1884; d. 10 April 1951); b. Sullivan’s Alley, Galway, on 21 March, 1884. Marriage certificate details: 4 July 1931; ended by death. Marriage solemnised at the district of Kensington in the County of London; No. 166; Fourth July 1931; James Augustine Joyce 49 years; bachelor; independent means; 28B Campden Grove W8; John Stanislaus Joyce [father]; Government Clerk (pensioned); Nora Joseph Barnacle; 47 years; Spinster [-]; 28b Campden Grove; Thomas Barnacle (deceased); Baker; married in the register Office by Licence before me This marriage was solemnised between us James Joyce/Nora J. Barnacle in the presence of F. R. D’O Monro; L. Clark; A. J. Tuner, Registrar; F. W. Turner, Superintendent Registrar. Certified true copy Kensington 21st day of Nov. 2001. MXA911215 [App. No. PA5000]; d. 10 April 1951, Zurich (uremic poisoning), and bur. with Joyce.
Nora Barnacle’s relatives
Mrs Thomas Barnacle [mother of Nora], d.1940; Michael Healy, uncle of Nora (d.7 Nov. 1935); Kathleen Barnacle. sister of Nora, m. John Griffin.
Joyce’s siblings
Margaret Alice (‘Poppie’; b. 18 Jan. 1884; d. March 1964, New Zealand); John Stanislaus (‘Stanislaus; Stannie’; b. 1884; d. 16 June 1955; m. Nelly Lichtensteiger, with whom James Joyce, b.1943, Trieste); Charles Patrick (‘Charlie’; b. 1886; d. 18 Jan. 1941; entered seminary in reaction to George's death, 1902, and left it in 1903, becoming truculent and despairing; moved to Boston with a girl whom he had made pregnant, 1908; d. in London); George Alfred (b. 1887; d. 9 March 1902; typhoid & peritonitis directly caused by ill-considered medical advice to feed him); Eileen Isabella Mary Xavier Brigit (b. 22 Feb. 1889; d. 27 Jan. 1963; , m. Frantisek Schaurek (d.1927, by suicide), 12 April 1915, with whom two children); Mary [‘May’] Cathleen (1890-1966; m. Monaghan; with whom a son, Ken Monaghan); Eva Mary (b. 1891; d. 25 Nov. 1957; joined the Joyces briefly in Trieste, 1909, but soon returned and trained in business school, funded by Stanislaus); Florence Elizabeth (b. 8 Nov. 1892; d.1973); Mabel [‘Baby’] Josephine Anne (b. 27 Nov. 1893; d. 1911, of typhoid in a Dublin hospital), Freddie (18-30 July 1894; died in infancy); also two miscarriages, in 1883 & 1885.
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:35 am (UTC)Joyce’s children
GIORGIO (‘Georgie’; later ‘George’) b. 27 July 1905, Trieste, m. Helen Fleischman (d. 9 Jan. 1963, USA) 1930, with one child, Stephen James Joyce (1932- ); divorced and remarried Dr. Asta Jahnke-Osterwalder, 24 May 1954, no issue; d. Konstanz, 1976. STEPHEN JOYCE, m. Solange Raytchine. LUCIA ANNA JOYCE (26 July 1907-12 Dec. 1982), b. Trieste; ed. Trieste (2 years); lost year learning German in Zurich; 4 years at Volksschule; entered Scuola Evangelica, Trieste, 1919; private school in Paris, learning French; entered Lycée Duruy; attended Académie Julian for drawing lessons; dancing courses with teachers incl. Jacques Dalcroze, Jouan Borlin, Madika, Raymond Duncan, Egorova, Lois Hutton & Helene Vanel, and Margaret Morris, passed war in Pornichet, nr. La Baule, France [...] d. Northampton; “Lucia Day” (26th July) was adopted by Schizophrenia Ireland as national schizophrenia awareness day in 1998.
Joyce’s cousinage
Eileen Joyce (b. 1889; d. 27 Jan. 1963), m. Frantisek Schaurek (d.1927), 12 April 1915, with whom two children.
Letter to Harriet Shaw Weaver, 127 Jan. 1923; addressed from 2 Ave. S. Philibert, Passy, Paris.
Dear Miss Weaver: Thanks for your message of sympathy. I spent the four days after Xmas sending messages to my father by wire and letter and by telephone to the hospital every evening. The weeks since then have been passed in prostration of mind. Gilbert came here four or five times but I could not collect my thoughts or do anything. I am thinking of abandoning work altogether and leaving the thing unfinished with blanks. Worries and jealousies and my own mistakes. Why go on writing about a place I did not dare to go to at such a moment, where not three persons know me or understand me (in the obituary notice the editor of the Independent raised objection to the allusion to me)? ... My father had an extraordinary affection for me. He was the silliest man I ever knew and yet cruelly shrewd. He thought and talked of me up to his last breath. I was very fond of him always, being a sinner myself, and even liked his faults. Hundreds of pages and scores of characters in my books came from him. His dry (or rather wet) wit and his expression of face convulsed me often with laughter. When he got the copy I sent him of Tales Told &c (so they write me) he looked a long time at Brancusi's Portrait of J.J. and finally remarked: Jim has changed more than I thought. I got from him his portraits, a waistcoat, a good tenor voice, and an extravagant licentious disposition (out of which, however, the greater part of any talent I may have springs) but, apart from these, something else I cannot define. But if an observer thought of my father and myself and my son too physically, though we are all very different, he could perhaps define it. It is a great consolation to me to have such a good son. His grandfather was very fond of him and kept his photograph beside mine on the mantelpiece.
I knew he was old. But I thought he would live longer. It is not his death that crushed me so much but self-accusation. ...
—See Letters, ed. Stuart Gilbert, [Vol. 1, 1959 Edn.], p.312.
http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/j/Joyce_JA/apx/schema/JAJ_family.htm
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:43 am (UTC)[ Trieste Joyce Summer School 2013 ]
http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/j/Joyce_JA/lifes/life1.htm
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Date: 2013-09-15 09:47 am (UTC)File:James Joyce with Sylvia Beach at Shakespeare & Co Paris 1920.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/James_Joyce_with_Sylvia_Beach_at_Shakespeare_%26_Co_Paris_1920.jpg
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Date: 2013-09-15 08:37 am (UTC)